- Waves I
- Introduction to transverse and longitudinal pulses and waves.
- Defining the main characteristics of waves, including amplitude (a), wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and period (T).
- Sounds
- Production and nature of sound waves.
- Propagation of sound and demonstrating that it requires a medium.
- Determining the speed of sound using the echo method.
- Investigating factors that affect the speed of sound, such as temperature and the medium.
- Fluid Flow
- Describing streamline and turbulent flow.
- Deriving and applying the equation of continuity (A₁v₁ = A₂v₂).
- Illustrating Bernoulli’s effect.
- Exploring practical applications of Bernoulli’s principle, such as in Bunsen burners, spray guns, carburetors, and aerofoils.



