2025 FORM 2 KLB BIOLOGY SCHEMES OF WORK – TERM 2

The schemes of work cover the following topics and subtopics:

• TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
  • Immune responses.
  • Allergic reactions.
  • Organ transplant.
• GASEOUS EXCHANGE
  • Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
  • Release of CO2 by plants.
  • Release of O2 by plants.
  • Stomata.
  • Opening & closing of stomata. Stomata and habitats of plants.
  • Lenticels.
  • Respiratory surfaces in animals.
  • Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
  • Gaseous exchange in insects.
  • Breathing in insects.
  • Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
  • Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
  • Gaseous exchange in mammals.
  • The structure of the lungs.
  • Inhalation. Exhalation.
  • Thoracic cavity model.
  • Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
  • Rate of breathing in man.
  • Intercostal muscles.
  • Inhaled and exhaled air.
  • Diseases of the respiratory system.
• RESPIRATION
  • Introduction – Definition and importance of respiration.
  • Burning food.
  • The mitochondrion.
  • Aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration.
  • Oxygen -debt-.
  • Applications of anaerobic respiration.
  • Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
  • Rate of respiration.
• EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
  • Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
  • Excretion in plants.
  • Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.
  • Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
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